肿瘤免疫治疗相关毒性的识别和处理

Diagnosis and Treatment on Cancer Immunotherapy-Related Toxicities

近几年肿瘤免疫治疗明显延长了前列腺癌、黑色素瘤、肺癌患者的生存时间,但伴随出现的毒副反应需引起重视。不同类型的肿瘤免疫治疗药物的毒副反应谱不同,且在不同肿瘤患者中的毒性也不同。常见的毒副反应包括发热、乏力、皮疹、肝炎等。肿瘤免疫治疗所致的毒副反应可持续较长时间,因此建议患者在治疗开始直至治疗结束后的较长时间内密切监测其不良反应。虽然大多数肿瘤免疫治疗药物的毒副反应是可逆的,但严重的毒副反应可致死,因此需增加随访监测的频率以期早期识别,并立即积极处理。

Over the past few years, cancer immunotherapy has significantly prolonged survival time of patients with prostate cancer, melanoma and lung cancer, but its gradual emerging toxicity draws our attention. Spectrum of drug toxicities for immunotherapies against different cancers are differ- ent, which is also different in individual patients with different tumors. Common side effects in- clude fever,fatigue,skin rashes,hepatitis and so on. Since cancer immunotherapy-induced toxici- ties last for long time,which is recommended that patients should be closely monitored for adverse reactions over an extended period from the beginning of the treatment to the end. Although most toxicities from cancer immunotherapy are reversible, serious side effects even cause death. There- fore the frequency of follow-up monitoring needs to be increased for early identification and im- mediate active treatment.