松子贡品探微

A Preliminary Study on Pine Nuts as Tribute

国内外贡品研究成果非常丰富,但对贡品的个案研究则很少。从唐朝到清朝,松子一直是一种重要的贡品。松子之所以成为贡品的原因:一是受到原始道教追求长生不老思想观念的影响;二是藩属国稳定和宗主国政治关系的需要。在不同历史阶段,松子贡品的性质不同。从唐朝到明朝,古代朝鲜和国内的靺鞨、女真献给中原王朝的松子是朝贡品,清朝打牲乌拉采捕缴纳的松子是土贡品,松子贡品经历了由朝贡品到土贡品的发展历程。松子作为贡品具有重要的意义:一、松子贡品为稳定藩属国和宗主国的政治关系起到重要作用;二、朝贡松子促进了松子民间贸易的发展;三、渤海国朝贡道具有"丝绸之路"的性质;四、松子贡品的发展史折射了长白山区世居民族采集习俗的发展史;五、松子朝贡品发展史映射了古代朝鲜土贡发展的历史;六、松子贡品丰富了人们的日常生活。

There are plentiful researches about tribute both in China and overseas, but specific case study on tribute is few. Pine nuts had been one of the most important tributes from Tang to Qing Dynasty in China. The reasons that pine nuts became tribute were as： firstly, people were influenced by aboriginal Taoism of pursuing young and living forever; secondly, it was the need of maintaining the stable political relationship between dependencies and suzerain. The feature of pine nuts as tribute in each historic stage was different. During Tang and Ming Dynasty, the pine nuts to Central Plains Dynasties by ancient Korea, Mohe and Jurchen were the imperial tribute. During Qing Dynasty, the pine nuts contributed by Dasheng Wula were the native tribute. Pine nuts as tribute had experienced the change from the imperial to the native one. Pine nuts served as tribute implied the significances： first, pine nuts as tribute played a key role in maintaining the stable political relationship between the dependencies and suzerain; second, pine nuts as imperial tribute promoted the development of the local trade of pine nuts; third, the Bohai Tribute Road played a similar role as the Silk Road did; fourth, the history of pine nuts as tribute reflected the history of natives collecting habits in the Changbai Mountain area; fifth, the development history of the pine nuts as imperial tribute reflected the history of native tribute system in ancient Korea; sixth, the pine nuts as tribute enriched people＇s daily life.