职业倦怠在急诊科护士的工作场所暴力与离职意愿关系中的中介作用

Associations between workplace violence and intent to leave among nurses in emergency department: the mediating role of burnout

目的探索职业倦怠在急诊科护士的工作场所暴力与离职意愿关系中的中介作用。方法从安徽省8所三级甲等医院急诊科随机选择199名在职在岗护士接受本次横断面调查，数据采用描述性统计、Spearman相关分析，使用结构方程模型验证职业倦怠在急诊科护士的工作场所暴力与离职意愿关系中的中介作用。结果急诊科护士职业场所暴力与职业倦怠中情感衰竭、去人格化以及离职倾向呈正相关（均有P〈0．05），职业倦怠中情感衰竭以及去人格化与离职倾向之间呈正相关（均有P〈0．05）。路径分析显示，职业场所暴力通过情感衰竭和去人格化对离职倾向的间接效应分别为（t=6．21，95％CI：0．021—0．059）和（t=5．39，95％CI：0．019～0．056）。结论工作场所暴力和职业倦怠是影响离职倾向的重要因素，情感衰竭和去人格化在工作场所暴力对离职倾向的影响中发挥重要的中介作用。

Objective To examine the mediating role of burnout in the relation between workplace violence and intent to leave using a sample of nurses in emergency departments. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 randomly selected nurses in emergency departments from eight first-rate of level three hospitals in Anhui province. Descriptive statistics, Spearman rank correlation analysis, and structural equation model were used to examine the mediating role of burnout in the relation between workplace violence and intent to leave. Results Among nurses in emergency department, workplace violence had a positive correlation with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and intent to leave （ all P 〈 0. 05 ）. The burnout （emotional exhaustion and depersonalization） also had a positive correlation with intent to leave （all P 〈 0. 05 ）. Path analyses demonstrated that emotional exhaustion （t = 6.21,95% Cl：0. 02143. 059 ） and depersonalization （t = 5.39, 95% Cl：0. 019-0. 056） mediated the relationship between workplace violence and intent to leave. Conclusions Both workplace violence and burnout are related to intent to leave among nurses in emergency department. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization mediate the relationship between workplace violence and intent to leave.