警察无司法令状使用GPS设备与公民隐私权保护之冲突与协调

Police Using GPS Equipment without Warrant and Conflict and Coordination of Privacy Protection

在美国警察无司法令状使用GPS系统跟踪嫌犯获取其公开场所的信息,不侵犯隐私权;相反,如果获取的信息属于房屋等具有合理隐私期待的场所,则侵犯;如果长时间监控、并获得海量的个人行踪信息,则侵犯;相反,则否。当然也有观点认为,在嫌犯的财产上安装GPS就侵犯了公民的财产权。通过对以上判例的分析,提出合法使用GPS跟踪技术需要考量的若干要件:即使用的性质;获取信息的地点;获取信息的时间长短和数量;犯罪类型;必要性等。

In the United States,police without warrant use GPS system to obtain the suspect ＇s public information,doesn＇t violate privacy law; On the contrary,if the information obtained from the house and other places with a reasonable expectation of privacy,then violates privacy law; If the long time monitoring and accessing to the mass of the personal information,then violates privacy law; on the contrary,it doesn＇t. Of course,there is a view that installation of GPS on the property of the suspect infringes upon the property rights of citizens. Through analyzing the above cases,several important elements should be considered in the legal use of GPS tracking technology： the nature of the information use; the location of the information; the length of time and quantity of the information; the type of crime; the necessity of the usage.