腹主动脉球囊阻断术在中央型前置胎盘伴胎盘植入孕妇剖宫产术中的应用

Application of temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta in the treatment of complete placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta

目的：探讨腹主动脉球囊阻断术在中央型前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇剖宫产术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2016年2月在郑州大学第三附属医院住院行剖宫产分娩的48例中央型前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇的临床资料，其中24例产妇选择剖宫产术前预防性应用腹主动脉球囊阻断术（球囊阻断术组），另外24例仅行剖宫产术（对照组）。分析比较两组产妇的手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量、手术前后血红蛋白水平变化、子宫切除率及相关并发症；同时比较两组产妇术后住院时间、术后24 h凝血功能指标（活化部分凝血酶原时间、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体）、再灌注损伤指标（包括磷酸肌酸激酶、磷酸肌酸激酶同工酶、乳酸脱氢酶）以及衡量肾功能的指标（血肌酐）。结果球囊阻断术组和对照组产妇的术中出血量[分别为750 ml（400～2000 ml），2000 ml（1500～2375 ml）]、术中输血量[分别为200 ml（0～800 ml），800 ml（0～1200 ml）]分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（Z=－3.214，P=0.001；Z=－2.173，P=0.030）；球囊阻断术组手术前后血红蛋白水平变化（12.8±13.4）g/L，低于对照组（22.9±20.1）g/L，差异有统计学意义（t=－2.041，P=0.047）。球囊阻断术组中释放球囊恢复血流后13例产妇仍有出血，其中5例产妇行子宫动脉栓塞术，5例产妇行子宫动脉结扎术，3例产妇行宫腔填塞术；1例发生右下肢静脉血栓。球囊阻断术组中无产妇切除子宫，对照组有2例（8%，2/24）产妇切除子宫，两组的子宫切除率比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.489）。结论腹主动脉球囊阻断术可以明显减少中央性前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇的剖宫产术中出血量及术中输血量，但释放球囊后仍有继续出血的风险，必要时需加用其他止血方法。

Objective To investigate the value of temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta in the treatment of complete placenta previa with placenta accreta. Methods From January 2015 to February 2016, 24 cases of complete placenta previa with placenta accreta were treated with temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta （the study group） before cesarean, and 24 cases of complete placenta previa with placenta accreta did not receive balloon occlusion （the control group）. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion volume, the perioperative hemoglobin level, the hysterectomy rate and the related complications were compared retrospectively.Also, the hospitalization time, the blood coagulation parameters after operation, including activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）, fibrinogen （FIB）, D-Dimer and reperfusion injury parameters including creatine phosphokinase （CK）, creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme （CK-MB）, lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and serum creatinine were compared between the 2 groups. Results The blood loss [750 ml （400-2 000 ml） vs 2 000 ml （1 500-2 375 ml）;Z=-3.214, P=0.001] and blood transfusion volume [200 ml （0-800 ml） vs 800 ml （0-1 200 ml）;173, P=0.030] in the study group were lower than in the control group. The hemoglobin difference between before and after operation in the study group was lower than the control group [（12.8±13.4） g/L vs （22.9±20.1） g/L;t=-2.041, P=0.047]. In the study group, there were still bleeding in 13 cases after releasing the balloon, 5 of them received uterine artery embolization, 5 cases received uterine artery ligation, and 3 cases received uterine packing. One case had venous thrombosis in the right lower limb. Two cases （8%,2/24） in the control group had hysterectomy, while none in the study group, there was no statistical significance （P=0.489）. Conclusions Temporary balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta can effectively reduce blood loss and blood transfusion in the treatment of complete placenta previa with placenta accreta, but there is still the risk of continuing bleeding after releasing the balloon. Other methods of hemostasis might be needed.