重庆水资源利用效率测度及投影优化分析

Measurement and Projection Optimization Analysis of Water Resources Use Efficiency in Chongqing

中国水资源问题的核心是利用效率问题,科学客观评价水资源利用效率已成为当前水资源研究的热点。本文利用数据包络分析(DEA)方法,选取农业用水量、工业用水量、年末供水管道长度、固定资产投资、从业人员数量为投入指标,以GDP为产出指标的指标,对重庆2001-2012年的水资源利用的总体效率、纯技术效率和纯规模效率进行测度和评价,揭示动态变化规律,对非DEA有效的年份进行投影分析。研究结果表明:1重庆市近12年水资源利用总体效率处在接近最优的状态。DEA无效年份在农业用水量、工业用水量、年末供水管道长度均有冗余,其中农业用水和年末供水管道长度冗余量较大,农业用水效率还有提升的空间,规模效率是影响重庆水资源利用总体效率的主要因素。2农业用水量和年末供水管道长度消减率较大,分别为12.109%和16.663%。在规模报酬不变情况下,可以通过适当的消减投入来达到各要素的最优配置,实现水资源的高效利用。因此,适当减少农业用水量,加大农业节水设施的建设,大力发展设施农业,减少工业用水的比例,淘汰落后高耗水产业,大力发展节水型产业,增加水资源输送设施的技术含量、提高水资源的输送能力,是今后重庆提高水资源利用效率需要努力的方向。

The core of the water resources in China is use efficiency, scientific and objective evaluation of water resources use efficiency has become a focus of research of water resources. Using DEA method, this paper selected agricultural water, industrial water use, water supply pipe length in the end of the year, investment in fixed assets, workforce as input index and GDP as output index, to measure and evaluate the overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Chongqing from 2001 to 2012, reveal the dynamic change and carried out projection analysis on the non DEA effective year. The results show that： （1） General water resources use efficiency in 12 years is close to the optimal state in Chongqing. agrieuhural water, industrial water use, water supply pipe length in the end of year of invalid DEA year are re- dundant, agricultural water and water supply pipe length are bigger, agricultural water use efficiency has room for improvement, scale effi- ciency are the main factors influencing the general water use efficiency of Chongqing. （2） The reduction rate of agricultural water use and water supply pipe length is bigger, 12.109% and 16.663%, respectively. Under the condition of constant scale reward, can achieve the optimal configuration of the elements through the appropriate cutting input, realize the efficient utilization of water resources. Therefore, appropriate to reduce agricultural water consumption, vigorously construct agricultural water-saving facilities, develop facility agriculture, reduce the proportionof industrial water, backward high water consumption industries, develop water-saving industries, increase the technology content of transportation facilities of water resources, increasing the transmission capacity of water resources, There are the effort direction of improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in Chongqing in the future.