汉英语言中的语义模糊策略及效用分析

Pragmatic Analysis on Semantic Fuzziness in Chinese and English

语言的模糊性是所有语言的一个共同特征,广泛存在于自然语言系统内部以及语言运用的各个层面。相较于精确语言,模糊语言可能承载着更丰富的内涵。在言语交际中适当地采用模糊语言,可能带来独特的审美和语用效果。模糊美是语言的共性,汉语英语皆享此美。然而基于不同文化背景,汉语注重传神与达意,英语喜确切,分属不同语言体系的汉英语言中的模糊现象存在差异。结合格赖斯的合作原则,讨论语义模糊中抽象字词,确切数字的模糊蕴含,模糊字词,以及模糊限制语这四种模糊策略在汉英两种语言中所达到的语用效果,由此对汉英语言中语义模糊现象、策略及其效用有概括性了解,进而有效发挥模糊语言的交际功能。

Fuzzy language is a common feature of all languages,which is widely presented in natural language systems and at all levels of language use.Compared with the precise language,vague language may be carrying richer connotation.In verbal communication,appropriately using vague language could bring a unique aesthetic and pragmatic effect.Both Chinese and English enjoy the Fuzzy Beauty.However,based on different cultural backgrounds,Chinese focuses on vividness and expressiveness,while English puts emphasis on preciseness.Thus vagueness in Chinese and English are somewhat different.This paper will mainly analyze the different pragmatic effects embodied by the semantic fuzziness both in Chinese and English,especially those particularized conversational implicature caused by using fuzzy words and linguistic hedges under Grice＇s Cooperative Principle,so that make us generally understand the semantic fuzziness and its pragmatic effect as well as the fuzzy strategies both in Chinese and English.