坡面泥石流的类型、分布规律及防治

Type and Distribution of Debris Flow on Slope Surface and Its Prevention

坡面泥石流是山区铁路,公路路基工程主要病害问题之一,是陡坡地段常见的一种突发性的泥沙搬运现象,也是环境退化的一种表现形式。从危害情况看,这种泥石流不但使交通运输造成一定的经济损失,增大铁路、公路养护费用。而且还淤塞河库、桥涵,降低工程使用寿命。本文根据1977年、1979年凤上铁路线、1981年宝成铁路线北段、1982年陇海铁路线华山段、1989年成昆铁路线泸沽至漫水湾段大面积暴发坡面泥石流的情况,就坡面泥石流的类型。分布规律进行分析,并对防治这一灾害进行初步探讨。

Debris flow on slope surface is a common phenomenon of sediment transportation frequently taking place on steep sloping land in mountainous area. The debris flow usually takes place in the natural hillside or gully-side with the slope of more than 30 degrees with an area of less than 0. 4 km2 and usually in strip or sheet shape. The debris flow can be divided into thfee types:slumping-collapse type,scouring type and landslide type. The distribution of the debris flow is coincident with the position of the centre of heavy rain and also coincident with the distribution of rift zone,earthquake zone and soft pliable rock layers which are easy to slide and flow. Besides,the distribution of debris flow is influenced by social-economic activity of human beings. In the light of the characteristics and damages of the debris flow on slope surface,the author suggests that comprehensive prevention and harnessment should be conducted.