国别价值、国际价值和国际贸易

National Value,International Value and International Trade

根据劳动价值论、等价交换和"一价律"的假定可以证明,任意一个国家生产的任意一种商品的单位国别价值等于这个国家中该商品的价格与所有商品的价格总量的比率乘以生产这些商品所消耗的劳动总量;任意一种商品的单位国际价值等于用任意一个国家的货币来计量的该商品的价格与全世界所有商品的价格总量的比率乘以全世界的劳动总量。由此说明:任意一个国家在其单位国别价值比率相对小的商品生产上具有比较优势;任意两个国家的任意两种商品的国际交换比率等于这两种商品的单位国际价值的比率,且任意两个国家的汇率等于这两个国家的货币所代表的单位国际价值的比率。

Based on the assumptions of the labor theory of value, the exchange of equivalents and the ＂law of one value＂, this paper proves that （i） the unit national value of any commodity produced by any country is equal to the multiplication of two numbers-one is the ratio of the price of the commodity to the total price of all commodities, and the other is the total amount of labor producing these goods in the country before opening to the outside world ; （ii） the unit international value of any commodity is equal to the multi- plication of two numbers as well-one is the ratio of the price of the commodity to the total price of all commodities produced globally, measured by any kind of money, and the other is the total amount of labor producing these goods in the whole world after opening. Therefore, before opening, any country has a comparative advantage in the commodity production, where the unit national value ratio is relatively small; after o- pening, however, the terms of trade of any two goods between any two countries is equal to the ratio of the unit international value of the two goods. Moreover, the exchange rate of any two currencies is equal to the ratio of the unit international values represented by the two currencies.