试析《江南园林志》之造园三境界

An Analysis of Three Spiritual Realms of Gardening in Documentation of Gardens in Eastern China(Jiangnan Yuanlinzhi)

童寯先生在《江南园林志》中开创性地提出了造园及其品评的三种境界:"疏密得宜"、"曲折尽致"与"眼前有景"。文章旨在探寻造园三境界的背景、内涵与意义。具体来说,文章基于文本解读,揭示了造园三境界的诗画语境,分析了童寯先生的若干园林观点;在园林研究的语境中考察了"对景",即"眼前有景"的两种形式;在此基础上,分析了"经营位置"及"对景"在山水画及拙政园中的具体表现。文章基于童离先生的园林观点,阐释了造园与绘画在"经营位置"的布局、空间和视觉三个层面上的同构性,并进一步揭示了童寯先生的园林粉本。

In his ground-breaking masterpiece,Documentation of Gardens in Eastern China（Jiangnan Yuanlinzhi）,Tung Chuin proposed three spiritual realms of gardening.The three spiritual realms,namely ＂Shumi deyi＂, ＂Quzhe Jinzhi＂ and ＂Yanqian youjing＂,could be considered as the most refined and concise garden-making strategies.Accordingly,this paper focuses on the background,meaning and significance of the three spiritual realms.Specifically,based on the highlights found in Tung Chuin＇s writings,the paper reveals the context of traditional poetry and painting in which the theory of three spiritual realms was composed,and analyzes Tung Chuin＇s concepts on gardening.Besides,the paper explores the two modes of ＂Duijing＂（ ＂Yanqian youjing＂）in the framework of garden research.It further analyzes the specific situations of composition and ＂Duijing＂ in both landscape painting and the case of the Humble Administrator＇s Garden（Zhuozheng Yuan）.Based on Tung Chuin＇s concepts of gardening,the paper interprets the isomorphism of gardening and landscape painting,further clarifies the ideal prototype of garden recognized by Tung Chuin.