适用于公交营运监管的车辆组合定位技术研究——以上海市为例

Combined Location Technology of Vehicle Applied to Operation Supervision of Public Transport:a Case Study on Shanghai

公交行业营运监管对车辆定位可靠性要求较高。为解决现有GPS技术存在的信号盲区问题,引入信标定位法(RFID技术),通过布设于首、末站点的RFID基站采集车辆定位数据与运行途中的GPS位置数据相融合,实现车辆运行轨迹的量化处理,准确判定和统计有效班次;引入航迹推算法(DR)与GPS技术形成组合定位,当车辆GPS定位信号在中途站点区域短时间中断时切换到航迹推算模式(DR),利用里程计和角速度陀螺仪测量距离及方向,计算出车辆的到离站时间。在公交监管应用实例中,依托GPS/RFID组合定位技术获取的线路运能统计数据与运营企业上报的电子路单一致,验证了该组合模式的可靠性。对于GPS/DR定位技术切换式组合模式,运用计算机仿真测算航迹推算法的定位偏差,仿真试验结果表明偏差值小于站点区域半径,符合中途站点车辆识别的要求。

The operation supervision of public transport industry requires high reliability of vehicle lo-cation. In order to solve the problem of signal blind area in GPS technology, beacon location method（RFID technique） was introduced. The vehicle location data collected by the RFID base station at thefirst and last bus stations was combined with GPS location data in bus operation line to realize the quanti-tative processing of the vehicle running track, so the bus shift could be identified and counted. Deadreckoning was introduced to be combined with GPS technology. Vehicle location mode switched to deadreckoning when the operating vehicle GPS location signal was interrupted in transit station. The mileagemeter and angular velocity gyroscope were used to measure distance and direction, thus the time of vehi-cles arriving and leaving the bus station could be calculated. In the application example of public trans-port supervision, the line capacity statistics relying on the combination of GPS/RFID location technologywas the same with electronic road form from public transport enterprises, the reliability of the locationtechnology combined mode was verified. In the study of the combination of GPS /DR, computer simulation was used to measure the location error of DR. Simulation test results show that the location error isless than the radius of transit station area and fulfills the requirement of identifying the vehicle in transitstation.