近60年来长江干流水沙特征分析

Characteristics of runoff and sediment discharge in Yangtze River in recent 60 years

根据长江干流宜昌站、汉口站、大通站1950-2013年的年径流量和1954-2013年的年输沙量数据,采用小波分析、相关分析和双累积曲线分析等方法,分析三个水文站的水文序列的周期性特征及水沙关系的变化。分析结果显示：三个水文站的水沙序列存在多时间尺度变化特征,大尺度波动中有小尺度震荡,年径流量变化存在着16-17年、7-9年和2年的主要周期,年输沙量变化存在17-18年、9年、2-3年的主要周期;长江干流年径流量和年输沙量存在一定的相关关系,但受水利工程建设等人类活动的影响,相关关系不断变化。研究结果对研究气候变化和人类活动对长江干流水沙特征的影响有一定的参考价值。

Annual runoff data（ 1950 to 2013） and annual sediment data（ 1954 to 2013） at Yichang station,Hankou station and Datong station are analyzed by wavelet transform method,correlation analysis and double mass curves to study their periodic characteristics and variations of their relationship. Results indicate that：there are multiple time scales of the long-term hydrological processes at these stations,oscillations in small scales exist in the fluctuations in large scales,and the runoff has noticeable periods with 16 - 17 years,7 -9 years and 2 years,while the sediment discharge has periods of 17 - 18 years,9 years and 2 - 3 years; the annual runoff in the main stream of Yangtze River is related to the annual sediment discharge,and the relationship changes due to human activities such as the construction of water conservancy projects.