航空客运合同成立时间——达成合意的回归

The Formation Time of Aviation Passenger Transport Contract——A Return of Coming to an Agreement

《合同法》以交付客票作为判断客运合同成立时间的基本标准,并不适合航空客运合同。设定航空客运合同成立时间,应考虑当事人间的利害平衡、法律原理、法律逻辑以及交易习惯等因素。航空客运合同不宜被规定为实践性合同。实践性合同通常要求一方在合意之外作出特定给付,目的在于给作出特定给付的一方(而非双方)深思熟虑的机会。航空客运合同中的支付票款、交付客票和换登机牌不符合实践性合同的适用场景,也没有适用必要。航空客运合同不宜被规定或约定为要式合同,除非航空客运合同不存在格式条款。要式合同本身对当事人造成一定的约束,会剥夺旅客另外通过口头交流与承运人做特殊约定的可能。航班信息的展示应被认定为要约邀请,旅客决定买票的表示是要约,承运人确定售票的表示是承诺。

The Contract Law in our country uses ticket delivery as the basic standard of judging the formation time of passenger transport contract,which does not fit aviation passenger transport contract.While setting up the formation time of aviation passenger transport contract,the balance of benefits and detriments between the two parties,legal theories,legal logic,and transaction customs should be considered.Aviation passenger transport contract is not suitable to be legislated nor agreed as a kind of practical contract,nor as a kind of formational contract,unless the contract in practice owns no Adhesion clauses.The demonstration of flight information should be held as invitation of offer,while the expression of deciding buying a ticket from a passenger is an offer,and the expression of deciding selling or not selling a ticket from an airline is an acceptation.