儿童侵袭性真菌病的实验室检查方法与评价

Laboratory examination of invasive fungal disease in children and its evaluation

儿童侵袭性真菌病（ invasive fungal disease，IFD）往往缺乏特征性的临床表现及影像学改变，是ICU中不易早期诊断的严重疾病。IFD的临床诊断多是针对高危人群借助实验室检测做出的。IFD的实验室检查通常包括直接检测（涂片镜检、真菌培养、组织病理学检查等）、血清学检测（1，3-β-D葡聚糖检测、半乳甘露聚糖检测等），近年分子生物学检测也有一定发展。合理使用实验室检查及正确评价实验结果，是诊断IFD的关键之一。

Pediatric invasive fungal disease（ IFD）often lacks characteristic clinical manifestations and imaging changes. It is a severe disease in ICU and is unlikely to be diagnosed early. The diagnosis of IFD is typically based on laboratory tests targeting at the population at risk. The laboratory tests for IFD generally include direct tests（ smear microscopy,fungal culture,histopathologic examination,etc. ）,serologic tests（ tests for 1,3-β-D dextran and galactomannan,etc. ）,and certain progresses have been made in molecular biologi-cal tests in recent years. It is key to diagnosis of IFD to use laboratory tests rationally and accurately interpret the laboratory results.