纳米填料的分散以及界面作用对橡胶复合材料动态性能的影响

Influence of dispersion of nanofillers and interface interaction on dynamic performance of rubber composites

绿色轮胎与传统轮胎相比,具有滚动阻力小、生热低、耐磨等优异的特性,突显出了低碳环保、绿色节能的优势.因此,绿色轮胎的研究和开发具有十分重要的意义.为了使橡胶复合材料性能满足绿色轮胎的要求,纳米填料的填充对其性能具有关键性作用,因此,利用新型纳米填料提高橡胶的动态性能,如抗湿滑性、滚动阻力、耐磨性以及生热等成为了学术界及工业界研究的热点之一.然而,影响橡胶复合材料动态性能的因素较复杂,本文主要从填料的分散以及填料与基体间的界面相互作用展开,探讨不同改性方式对传统纳米填料(如炭黑、白炭黑等)和新型纳米填料(如石墨烯、黏土等)在橡胶基体中分散状态的影响,以及填料分散和填料-基体界面相互作用对橡胶复合材料动态性能的影响.

With increasing concerns in energy saving and environmental protection,the green tire with low rolling resistance,low heat build-up,and high wear resistance have drawn extensive attention in tire industry and academic community. In order to meet the requirements of green tire,the development of high-performance rubber composites with high dynamic properties and outstanding abrasion resistance is critical. However,the balance between the ＂magic triangle＂ of tire tread properties（wet resistance,rolling resistance and abrasion resistance） is challengeable due to many influencing factors. In this review paper,we mainly discuss the effects of the dispersion of nanofillers and interface interaction between nanofillers and rubber on the dynamic properties of the rubber composites. Particularly we have discussed the regulation of wet resistance and rolling resistance by using tan δ value at temperature of 0°C and 60°C as the measurement indexes. Firstly,the influence of dispersion of nanofillers in the rubber matrix on the properties of rubber composites has been reviewed. According to the current research results,the dispersion of carbon black,silica,layered silicate,etc. could be improved significantly through the methods of surface modification,improvement of the processing and hybridization between two different kinds of filler,and so on. As a result,the improvement of the dispersion of nanofillers in the rubber matrix is achieved. The increased wet traction and lowered rolling resistance could be realized simultaneously. Consequently,the better balance of the wet resistance,rolling resistance and abrasion resistance could be achieved. Secondly,we have discussed the effect of interface interaction between nanofillers and rubber on the properties of tread rubber. It is well know that the compatibility between fillers and rubber is critical to achieve the excellent dynamic properties of rubber composites. And the compatibility between fillers and rubber is affected by the interfacial interaction. With introducing the physical interaction（such as hydrogen bond）,or the chemical interaction（such as ionic bond and chemical bond）,the interface interaction between fillers and rubber could be strengthened. Accordingly,the dynamic properties,including the increased wet traction and decreased rolling resistance,have been improved. However,the dynamic properties might be deteriorated due to the strong interaction. In conclusion,in order to get the best balance of wet resistance,rolling resistance and abrasion resistance,appropriate dispersion method and rational interfacial design are crucial in developing tread materials. The emerging of new nanoparticles also provides unique opportunity to achieve the better dynamic properties of the tread rubbers.