不同种植密度下玉米与豌豆间作对群体总产量的影响

Effects of maize and pea intercropping on the total grain yield of community under different planting densities

于2014和2015年在黄土高原半干旱区全膜覆盖种植技术下,研究了不同种植密度下玉米行内间作豌豆对作物群体总产量的影响.结果表明:2014年,当玉米株距为40和50cm时,与不插播相比,在玉米株间插播2株豌豆显著提高了作物群体籽粒总产量;而在株距60 cm情况下,插播豌豆对作物群体总产量无显著影响.2015年,玉米株距40和50 cm情况下,与对应株距的单作玉米相比,在玉米株间插播2株豌豆对群体籽粒总产量无显著影响;但是在玉米株距60 cm的情况下,株间插播2株豌豆使作物群体籽粒总产量显著增加.导致两个试验年份之间玉米行内间作豌豆的产量效应差异的主要原因是生长季降水量在2014年较2015年充沛.综合比较,玉米株距40 cm、株间插播2株豌豆间作形式的籽粒总产量最高.此外,在玉米单作和行内间作中,籽粒总产量均随玉米株距的增大而减小.

Under plastic-film fully-mulched ridge-furrow cropping, we studied the effects of within- row-intercropping on total grain yield of community using pea plants inserted into the maize rows with spacing of 40, 50 and 60 cm, respectively, in the Loess Plateau in 2014 and 2015. The result showed that there was significant increase in total grain yield of the community when two pea plants were inserted into the maize rows with spacing of both 40 and 50 cm, while pea plants inserted into the maize row with 60 cm spacing had no significant effects on total grain yield of the community compared to maize monoculture with the same plant spacing in 2014. In 2015, in contrast, when pea plants were inserted into the maize rows with plant spacing of 40 and 50 cm, no significant effect was observed even though there was an increasing trend in total grain yield of the community, while it increased significantly when two pea plants were inserted into the rows with spacing of 60 cm. The more abundant rainfall in 2014 than in 2015 induced the varied effects of intercropping pea plants on increasing the total grain yield of the community between the two cropping seasons. Gene- rally, the total grain yield of the community reached the highest under two pea plants intercropped with spacing of 40 cm. No matter whether in monocultures only with maize or in intercropping with both maize and peas, grain yield decreased significantly with increase of maize plant spacing in cur- rent experiment.