花后高温对小麦农艺性状及面粉品质的影响

Effect of High Temperature after Anthesis on Agronomic Characteristics and Flour Quality of Wheat

为研究花后不同时期高温对小麦农艺性状和面粉品质的影响,对2个不同基因型的小麦品种于花后不同时期进行高温处理,分析了其主要农艺性状及面粉品质对高温胁迫的响应。结果表明,花后高温可显著降低2个小麦品种的千粒重,花后中期高温对千粒重的影响更大;容重、穗长、主穗粒数和小穗数在各处理间的差异均不显著。新春11号的膨胀势在花后中期高温处理后显著提高;新春39号的膨胀势在花后早期和中期高温处理后均显著降低,且花后早期高温对膨胀势的影响更大。2个品种的降落数值经花后高温处理后均表现出降低的趋势,新春39号降低更显著。新春11号在早期高温处理下,籽粒的干、湿面筋含量、沉降值和蛋白质含量均显著高于对照,中期高温处理下,干、湿面筋含量显著高于对照,总体表现为高温胁迫后各被测指标值均升高。新春39号经花后早期高温处理,籽粒的干、湿面筋含量、蛋白质含量均显著低于对照;中期高温处理后各被测指标值均高于对照,但差异不显著。新春11号在花后早期高温处理下,面粉的峰值黏度、最终黏度和低谷黏度显著低于中期高温处理,其他指标在各处理间差异不显著;新春39号在花后早期高温处理下最终黏度显著高于中期高温处理,而糊化温度在中期高温处理后显著低于对照,其他指标在各处理间差异不显著。

In order to study the effects of different periods of high temperature after flowering on the agronomic traits and flour quality of wheat varieties,in this study, two different gene types of wheat varieties were selected and treated with high temperature at different time after flowering. Main agro- nomic traits and flour quality changes were analyzed deeply in response to heat stress, respectively. The results showed that high temperature treatments after flowering significantly reduced thousand kernel weight,which was affected more under high temperature treatment at middle stage after anthe- sis. There were no significant difference for test weight,spike length,grains per spike and spikelets of the two varieties under different treatments. The swelling power was significantly improved in Xin- ehun 11 under the high temperature treatment at middle stage after anthesis. However, the swelling power of Xinchun 39 was dramatically reduced under the high temperature treatments at both early and middle stages after anthesis. Falling number of two varieties showed decreasing trend under hightemperature treatment after flowering, and Xinchun 39 decreased significantly. Under the high tem- perature treatment at early stage after anthesis, dry and wet gluten content, sedimentation value and protein content of Xinchun 11 were significantly higher than CK,while under the treatment at middle stage after anthesis,dry and wet gluten content were significantly higher than CK,and the indices（ex- cept sedimentation value and protein content） were higher after the high temperature stress. Under the high temperature treatment at early stage after anthesis, dry and wet gluten content and protein content of Xinchun 39 were significantly lower than CK. Under the treatment at middle stage after an- thesis,each value（except settlement value） was higher than CK without significant difference. Com- pared with those under the treatment at middle stage after anthesis, peak viscosity, final viscosity and low viscosity of Xinchun 11 at early stage after anthesis were significantly lower,but other indicators were not significant among treatments. Final viscosity of Xinchun 39 under the treatment at early stage after anthesis was significantly higher than that under treatment at middle stage, and pasting temperature under treatment at middle stage was significantly lower than CK, and other indicators were not significantly different among treatments.