盐碱地不同燕麦品种的品质及产量比较

Comparison of Quality and Yield of Different Oat Varieties in Saline-Alkali Land

为筛选出适宜盐碱地种植的燕麦品种,以国内外17个燕麦品种为供试材料,对各品种主要农艺、品质及产量性状进行了比较和聚类分析。结果发现,17个燕麦品种可聚为5类,第一类为G148、G113两个品种,表现为粗蛋白含量、β-葡聚糖含量及产量较高,粗脂肪与粗纤维含量低;第二类包括G145、G125、G141、G142、G124、G149、白燕2号、草莜1号、蒙燕1号、蒙农大燕1号、蒙农大燕2号共11个品种,表现为β-葡聚糖含量高,其他性状差异较大;第三类为G144、G140两个品种,表现为粗蛋白含量低,β-葡聚糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量较高;第四类1个品种(G132),表现为粗蛋白、β-葡聚糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量均较高;第五类1个品种(G138),表现为粗蛋白含量及产量较低,β-葡聚糖、粗脂肪、粗纤维含量较高。在盐碱地条件下,籽粒产量较高的品种为G148和蒙农大燕2号,分别达到2 240kg·hm^(-2)和2 040kg·hm^(-2);饲草产量最高的品种为蒙燕1号;高蛋白、低脂肪的品种为G148和G113;综合指标最好的品种为G113。

In order to select suitable oat varieties for cultivation in saline-alkali land, 17 oat varieties were used as materials in the saline-alkali soil cultivation experiment, and comparison of main agro- nomic traits,grain quality and yield traits were conducted. Through clustering analysis, 17 oat varie- ties were clustered into five categories. The first category was G148 and G113 ,with higher crude pro- tein content,13-glucan content and yield,but low crude fat and crude fiber content. The second catego- ry includes eleven varieties ： G145, G125, G142, G141, G124, G149, Baiyan 2, Caoyou 1, Mengyan 1, Mengnongdayan 1, and Mengnongdayan 2, with high β-glucan content. The third category contains G144 and G140,with low crude protein content, but higher β-glucan,crude fiber and crude fat content and higher yield. The fourth category contains only G132, with higher crude protein,β-glucan, crude fat and crude fiber content. The fifth category includes G138,with lower crude protein content and lower yield,but higher β-glucan,crude fat and crude fiber content. Under the suitable conditions for cultivation in saline-alkali land, high-yielding varieties were G148 and Mengnongdayan 2, with thegrain yield 2 240 kg · hm^-2 and 2 040 kg · hm^-2,respectively. Mengyan 1 has the highest forage yield. The varieties with high protein and low fat were G148 and G113 from Canada,and G113 has the best quality.