微咸水灌溉作物生理生态响应与调节机制研究进展

Review on plant physiological and growth responses and regulation mechanisms under slight saline water irrigation

为合理开发微咸水资源作为农业灌溉备用水源,完善微咸水灌溉理论技术体系,缓解淡水资源短缺、抗旱农业增产提供参考。综述微咸水灌溉下的作物生理生长指标的响应变化规律,分析作物的抗盐机理与调节机制等方面的研究现状,指出微咸水灌溉下作物遭受盐分胁迫是个综合、复杂的过程,究其根源在于两个方面:一方面是土壤溶液的渗透势增加引起生理干旱导致吸水困难产生水分胁迫;另一方面是离子吸收不平衡引起生理代谢紊乱抑制植物正常生长。展望了下一步有待研究的问题与方向,包括微咸水灌溉下盐分胁迫作用机理以及水盐-土壤-作物响应特征与调节机制等方面。

Brackish water, as the alternative resources of agricultural irrigation, is of importance to alleviating fresh water shortage and agricultural production. The response of crop physiology and growth process is summarized, and the current status of crop salt tolerance and regulation mechanism under brackish water irrigation are analyzed. It is pointed that the crop under salt stress is a comprehensive and complex process, on the one hand, the increasing osmotic potential of soil solution causes physiological drought and leads to water stress;on the other hand, physiological metabolism disorder inhibits plant growth caused by ion absorption imbalance. The direction and questions to be further studied, including water and salt stress mechanism, soil and plant response characteristics and regulation mechanism, and so on are prospected, which can provide a reference for slight saline water irrigation technology and theory.