种植密度和施氮量对啤用大麦生长、产量及品质的影响

Effect of planting density and N application rate on growth,yield and quality of malt barley

以甘啤4号为供试材料,采用裂区试验研究了种植密度和施氮量对啤酒大麦生长发育、产量及品质的影响。试验中,主区种植密度(D)设325(D_(325))、375(D_(375))和425万株/hm^2(D_(425))3个水平;裂区施氮量(N)设0(N_0)、75(N_(75))、150(N_(150))、225(N_(225))和300kg/hm^2(N_(300))5个水平。结果表明,密度对大麦植株氮磷钾含量、旗叶SPAD值、穗下节间长度及主要品质性状等影响均不显著,而对株高、茎秆直径、旗叶叶面积和成穗率的影响达显著性水平。株高、茎秆直径和旗叶叶面积与施氮量呈显著正相关;植株含氮量、穗长、穗粒数、结实率、籽粒产量和蛋白质含量随施氮量增加表现为显著增加,而成穗数、成穗率和千粒重随施氮量增加表现为先升高后降低;淀粉含量随施氮量增加表现为显著降低。种植密度和施氮量的互作仅对株高、茎秆直径、成穗率和穗粒数有显著影响,对其余指标影响均不显著。籽粒产量(Y)和粗蛋白含量(Y1)与种植密度(X7)、施氮量(X8)的逐步回归方程分别为Y=12.627+0.007 X8,Y1=-27 161.600+161.645 X7-0.216 X27-0.003 X28+0.015 X7×X8。综合考虑各项指标,当甘啤4号种植密度为385万株/hm^2、施氮量为124.71kg/hm^2时,既能提高产量,又能保证其酿造品质达到最佳。

Split-plot design was carried out to study the effect of planting density and nitrogen application amount on growth,yield and quality in malting barley named Ganpi 4. The main plot was planting density （D） at three levels,3.25, 3.75 and 4.25 m illion/hm^2 , marked D325, D375. and D425 ,and subplot were five N application rate（N） level at 0,75,150, 225 and 300 kg/hm^2 , marked N0, N75, N150, N225 and N300. The results showed that： The effect of density on the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of plant, SPAD value of flag leaf, the length of peduncle and main quality traits were not significant,but all significantly affected plant height, stem diameter,leaf area of the flag leaf and ear bearing tiller percentage. Plant length,stem diameter and leaf area of the flag leaf were all significantly positively correlated with N application rate. The nitrogen content of plant, spike length, grains per spike, seed setting rate, grain yield and protein content showed a significant increase with the increase of nitrogen application rate. However, the spike number, spike rate and 1000-grain weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of N application rate, the starch content showed significant decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Planting densities and N application rate of interactions only has remarkable effect on plant height,stern diameter,earing rate and spike grain number,but were not significant effects on the rest of the indicators. The stepwise regression equations between grain yield （Y） ,crude protein content （ Y1 ） and planting density （ X7 ）, N application rate （X8） were： Y = 12. 627 ＋ 0. 007 X8, Y1 = - 27 161. 600 ＋ 161. 645 X7 - 0. 216 X7^2 - 0. 003 X8^2 ＋ 0. 015 X7 x X8. Considering the indicators, when the Ganpi 4 planting density of 3.85 million/hm^2 ,N application rate of 124.71 kg/hm^2 ,which can improve both the yield and the quality at the same time.