北京市农业废弃物沼气工程跟踪调研的对比分析

Comparative analysis for tracing investigation of agricultural waste biogas projects in Beijing

为了解北京农业废弃物沼气工程建设情况,于2009年和2015年对周边20座典型农业沼气工程进行了实地跟踪调研,同时对工程的运行管理和三沼(沼气、沼液和沼渣)的后续利用进行了全面的对比分析。结果表明:2次调研工程原料都以猪粪为主,与2009年相比,以猪粪为原料的工程持续增加(占调研沼气工程的55%),这主要受到京郊区县的农业养殖规划影响。同时,沼气冬季燃煤加温工程由2009年的16座降到了2015年的10座,其中由太阳能加温替代燃煤的工程由2009年的3座增至2015年的9座。沼渣沼液的固液分离技术使用由2009年的3座增至2015年的5座,多数沼气工程仍未进行固液分离,这主要与工程原料有关,故沼肥农用方式仍限制在简单的果蔬灌溉,高值利用途径缺乏。除此之外,经过政府和地方的不断努力,2015年工程持证上岗人员比2009年整体有所增加。

An investigation of 20 typical biogas plants located in Beijing rural areas was conducted by the research team of China Agricultural University in 2009 and 2015.The project investment,design and construction were investigated and comprehensive and comparative analysis was carried out on operation,utilization of biogas and byproducts.The result showed that：Compared with 2009,the raw material was mainly the pig waste and continued increasing（55%）in 2015.It was mainly affected by local farming industry;The number of biogas plants used solar energy to replace coal for heating in winter increased to 5in 2015 from 3in 2009;The number of biogas engineering with winter coal-fired heating dropped from 16 in 2009to 10 in 2015;The number of biogas plants among investigated adopted solid-liquid separation technique was 5in 2015 and 3in 2009.Due to the difference of raw materials,most of the biogas plants didn＇t use solid-liquid separation technique,and the utilization of biogas fertilizer was limited to fruit and vegetable irrigation and lack of efficiency utilization.In addition,the number of workers with certification increased with the efforts from state and local governments.