生计资本视角的农户蔬菜销售渠道及其相互关系

Farmer's vegetable sales behavior from the perspective of livelihood capital

针对农户面临多种销售渠道时的选择问题,在可持续生计分析框架下从生计资本角度出发构建评价指标,对不同地区菜农的生计资本进行评价;并采用多元选择模型(Multivariate Probit)分析生计资本对于农户销售农产品途径的影响及不同销售渠道之间的相互关系,结果表明:1)北京地区除自然资本外,其他几类资本拥有情况均较好;辽宁地区较为缺乏人力资本、山东地区主要缺乏金融资本。2)人力资本、自然资本对于自己零售、中间商收购、通过批发市场销售和超市直供有着显著影响,物质资本、社会资本和金融资本影响农户对于合作社和订单农业这2种渠道的选择。3)农户在不同销售方式之间的选择通过替代或互补效应产生相互影响:中间商收购与自己进行零售、订单销售与超市直供、订单销售与合作社销售之间存在着显著的互补作用,批发市场销售与自己进行零售、批发市场销售与中间商收购、合作社销售和批发市场销售3对销售方式之间存在着显著的替代关系。

In order to reveal how livelihood capital affects farmer household＇s choice of sales channel,an index system was constructed based on sustainable livelihoods framework and farmer households＇ livelihood capital situation in different districts was evaluated.Multivariate probit model was then employed to analysis the effects of livelihood capital on farmers＇ choices of agricultural product sales channel.The result indicated that：1）There is a better situation of other types of capital than natural capital in Beijing.Farmers in Liaoning area have less human capital and there is a shortage of financial capital in Shandong;2）On one hand,the main impact factors of farmer household＇s choice to sell agricultural products through cooperatives or order form selling are physical capital,social capital and financial capital.On the other hand,human capital and natural capital significantly affect farmers＇ willingness to sell agricultural products through brokers,wholesale markets,retail market and supermarket.3）There are significant complementary effects among brokers and retail selling,order form selling and supermarket form selling,order form selling and cooperative selling.Obvious substitution relationship is existed between wholesale sales and retail sales,wholesale sales and broker sale channels,and cooperative sales and wholesales.