亚临界流体萃取樟叶精油及其抑菌活性的研究

Study on Subcritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oil from Cinnamomum camphora and Its Antibacterial Activity

目的:利用响应面法优化樟叶精油的亚临界萃取技术并考察其抑菌活性。方法:在单因素试验的基础上,以樟叶精油得率为响应值,利用Box-Behnken中心组合试验优选亚临界萃取条件。采用固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)结合对樟叶精油的成分进行分析,通过峰面积归一法计算各成分的相对百分含量。利用滤纸片琼脂扩散法和肉汤稀释法测定樟叶精油对4种供试菌的抑菌活性。结果:在最优的萃取条件(萃取时间30 min,萃取温度40℃,解析温度65℃)下樟叶精油得率为3.54%,这与模型预测值3.56%相匹配。GC-MS鉴定出47个化合物,其中相对百分含量超过1%的有12种成分,主要为桉油精(24.74%)、4-亚甲基-1-(1-甲基乙基)-[3.1.0]二环乙烷(7.05%)、芳樟醇(5.82%)、石竹烯(4.75%)。樟叶精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草杆菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。结论:该萃取工艺安全可靠,精油得率较高且具有抑菌性。

Objective： To determine the optimum extract condition of essential oil from dry Cinnamomum camphora leaves and to study its antibacterial activity. Methods： The essential oil was extracted by subcritical fluid,and analyzed by response surface methodology based on single factor test. The chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and the components were quantitatively determined by normalization method. The agar disc diffusion and dilution broth method were used to determine antibacterial activity. Results： The extraction rate was highest as 3. 54%,which matched with the predictive yield of 3. 56%,and the extraction time was30 min,the extraction temperature was 40 ℃,and resolution temperature was 65 ℃. 47 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from Cinnamomum camphora,which was analyzed by GC-MS. The main chemical constituents were eucalyptol（ 24. 74%）,bicyclo[3. 1. 0]hexan-4-methylene-1-（ 1-methylethyl）（ 7. 05%）,linalool（ 5. 82%）,caryophyllene（ 4. 75%）. The essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora had different degrees of inhibition on Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus subtilis.Conclusion： Subcritical fluid is suitable for the extraction of essential oil from Cinnamomum camphora and the essential oil has a good antimicrobial activity.