儿童高钾及低钾血症发生机制及危重处置要点

The mechanism and management of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in children

钾是体内含量最多的细胞内离子，具有重要的生理功能，维持体内钾浓度的稳定具有十分重要的意义。钾离子失衡可影响肌肉的收缩力、神经传导和心肌电生理。无论是高钾血症还是低钾血症都可产生严重后果，快速明确病因并给予有效治疗可挽救患儿生命。

Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation and is critical in many physiological function. It is very important to maintain the potassium homeostasis. Derangements in potassium homeostasis affect muscle contraction, nerve conduction and myocardial electrical activity. Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia may cause severe consequences. The effective and rapid diagnosis and management of hyperkal-emia and hypokalemia in children can be life-saving.