儿童气管支气管软化症的临床研究进展

Progress in clinical studies on tracheobronchomalacia

气管支气管软化症（Tracheobronchomalacia，TBM）是最常见的儿童下呼吸道结构异常性疾病，也是造成儿童呼吸困难的重要原因。其病因不明，往往与各种合并症并存。由于TBM没有特征性的临床症状，因此经常被误诊。支气管镜检查术是目前诊断TBM的金标准。大部分TBM为自限性，少部分仍需支架植入或者手术治疗，但是各种治疗方法均有一定的局限性。现就TBM近年来的病因及其诊治研究进展及预后进行综述。

Tracheobronchomalacia （TBM） is the most common＇struCtural problem affecting the lower airways and is an important cause of respiratory difficulties in children. Its aetiology is relatively uncommon, and it often co-exists with a variety of complications. It has been usually misdiagnosed, with nonspecifical clinical presentation. Bronchoscopy is the reference standard for diagnosis. The symptoms of tracbeobroncbomalacia are self-limiting, and few of patients need stent interventions or surgical therapy, but all of the therapeutic options have certain limitations. Now the cause of TBM in rescent years and its research progress of diagnosis and treatment and prognosis are reviewed in this article.