学龄前儿童焦虑与行为问题关系的探讨

Relationship between preschool children's anxiety and behavior problems

目的了解学龄前儿童焦虑的发病特点,探讨学龄前儿童焦虑与行为问题的关系。方法采用自行编制的＂儿童基本情况调查＂和＂Spence学前儿童焦虑量表＂对抽取的970例幼儿园学龄前儿童的基本情况、行为问题、近3个月的焦虑情况进行调查。结果 ①970例学龄前儿童总焦虑阳性检出率高（15.2%）,各焦虑维度的阳性检出率为5.7%~25.6%,阳性检出率从高到低为分离性焦虑（25.6%）、强迫冲动障碍（24.5%、广泛性焦虑（14.4%）、躯体伤害恐惧（6.0%）和社交恐惧（5.7%）,躯体伤害恐惧在不同性别中的检出率存在显著性差异,女孩多于男孩（χ^2=8.482,P〈0.01）;其他焦虑阳性检出率的性别差异均不显著（均P〉0.05）;②学前儿童行为问题的阳性检出率高,其中排在前3位的行为问题分别为咬指甲（17.3%）、多动（16.5%）、遗尿（8.4%）;③学前儿童焦虑与口吃（χ^2=6.471,P〈0.05）、遗尿（χ^2=6.251,P〈0.05）、尿频（χ^2=12.320,P〈0.05）、交流差（χ^2=22.655,P〈0.05）、抽动（χ^2=5.845,P〈0.05）、多动（χ^2=8.040,P〈0.05）和咬指甲（χ^2=6.220,P〈0.05）这些常见行为问题关系密切。结论学龄前儿童焦虑与行为问题较为普遍,通过对儿童外在行为问题的早期识别,有助于发现儿童内在的焦虑,及时进行相应的干预,从而促进儿童身心健康发展。

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of preschool children＇s anxiety and to investigate the relationship between preschool children＇s anxiety and behavior problems. Methods A total of 970 preschool children were recruited in study. Children were surveyed with Spence preschool children anxiety scale and self- designed children basic information questionnaire to extract the basic situation,behavioral problems and the situation of anxiety in the past three months. Results The total positive rate of anxiety was high（ 15. 2%） among 970 cases. The positive rates of different anxiety dimensions ranged from 5. 7% to 25. 6%. The positive rates of anxiety were 25. 6% in separation anxiety,24. 5% in obsessive compulsive disorder,14. 4% in generalized anxiety,6. 0% in body injury fear and5. 7% in social phobia listed from high to low. There was significant difference in positive rate of body injury fear between genders,and the rate was higher in girls than boys（ χ^2= 8. 482,P〈0. 01）. The differences in positive rates of other anxiety were not significant between gender（ all P〈0. 05）. The positive rate of behavior problems in preschool children was high. The top three behavior problems of preschool children were nail biting（ 17. 3%）,hyperactivity（ 16. 5%） and enuresis（ 8. 4%）. Preschool children＇s anxiety was closely related to behavior problems such as stuttering（ χ^2= 6. 471,P〈0. 05）,enuresis（ χ^2= 6. 251,P〈0. 05）,urinary frequency（ χ^2= 12. 320,P〈0. 05）,poor communication（ χ^2= 22. 655,P〈0. 05）,blinking（ χ^2= 5. 845,P〈0. 05）,hyperactivity（ χ^2= 8. 040,P〈0. 05） and nail biting（ χ^2= 6. 220,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Preschool children＇s anxiety and behavioral problems are common. The early identification of children＇s external behavior problems could help to find children＇s inner anxiety,timely and appropriate intervention need to be given so as to promote the development of children＇s physical and mental health.