我国海陆产业劳动生产率的时空演变特征研究

Study on the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of marine and land industrial labor productivity in China

基于陆海关联的视角,筛选了3类典型海洋产业——海洋渔业、船舶工业和海运业,对比了海陆经济及典型海陆产业的劳动生产率的时空演变特征,结果表明:2006-2012年,我国涉海就业人员占全部就业人员比重不断增加,海洋经济劳动生产率高于同期沿海地区和全国平均水平,表明海洋经济吸纳劳动力具有比较优势;劳动力要素在海洋经济与陆域经济间的空间分配不均且生产率差异明显,主要影响因素为沿海省区要素禀赋、经济基础和产业结构、制度环境和科技水平;对比2006年、2012年劳动生产率空间结构的演化特征,利用聚类分析将沿海11省区划分为4类,海洋渔业、船舶工业的劳动生产率变动明显,而海运业则无明显变化。深入比较沿海省区典型海陆产业的劳动生产率,对沿海地区制定合理的就业政策、调整产业结构,促进陆海产业统筹发展具有重要的指导意义。

From the perspective of land-sea association, three typical marine industries, namely marine fishery, shipbuild-ing industry and shipping industry are chosen, and the spatial and temporal evolution features on labor productivity of the e-conomic and typical industries between land and sea are compared. The results show that： sea-related employment share of total employment is increasing, and the marine economy labor productivity is higher than that of the land economy, but the gap is narrowing from 2006 to 2012; affected by the differences on factor endowments, economic base, institutional environ-ment and technological level in coastal provinces, the distribution of labor factor between land and marine economy is not u-niform, and the space differences of labor productivity in three typical industries are significant; comparing the evolution characteristics of spatial structure between 2006 and 2012, the 11 costal provinces could be divided into four types using cluster analysis, It can be seen that labor productivity of coastal marine fishery and shipbuilding industry changed signifi-cantly, and labor productivity of maritime industry did not change. The comparison between labor productivity of land and marine typical industries in the coastal provinces has an important guiding significance for the development of rational em-ployment policies, adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the integration of land and sea in coastal areas.