副词“端”的产生及其发展

The Formation and Evolution of Adverb “Duan(端) ”

"端"是先秦时期出现的副词,最初因与"专"通假而出现"特意"义副词用法。东汉时由"端正"义形容词"端"发展出表"适值"义的情状副词"端2"。南北朝时期,表"果真"义的"端3"和"究竟"义的"端4"均已萌芽,到了宋代使用广泛。元明之后,"端"的所有副词用法均逐渐减少。副词"端"各类用法的产生与发展过程显示了汉语语义发展的某些特殊路径。

＂Duan（ 端） ＂was used as an adverb during the pre-Qin period. Initially,the ＂intentional＂category adverb came from interchangeability of ＂zhuan（ 专） ＂. In the Eastern Han Dynasty,the ＂regular＂category adverb ＂duan（ 端） ＂extended the ＂exact＂category circumstantial adverb ＂duan2（端2） ＂. During Southern and Northern Dynasties,the ＂real＂category adverb ＂duan3（ 端3） ＂and the＂actual＂category adverb ＂duan4（ 端4） ＂had been in the embryonic stage,and were widely used in Song Dynasty. After the Yuan and Ming dynasties,all the usages of adverb ＂duan（ 端） ＂were gradually reduced. Teasing out all kinds of the process of producing and developing which adverb ＂duan（ 端） ＂has can contribute to finding out some special paths in the evolution of Chinese semanteme.