德国环境侵权赔偿限额制之本土化研究

On the Localization of the System of Limited Compensation for Environmental Tort in Germany

德国立法者基于对环境侵权赔偿责任的利弊进行全面分析和比较,并且综合实际运行效果,终于放弃了完全赔偿责任。1991年率先推出了环境侵权赔偿限额制度,其目的兼顾了企业的生产发展与受害人的利益,辅以环境侵权社会化救济制度,取得较好的社会效果。目前,我国环境侵权赔偿制度在实施中也产生了与德国当年相类似的问题,加之我国现阶段处于经济高速发展期,对于企业的行为自由与受害者的权利救济更需寻求一个新的平衡点,就更需对德国环境责任法相关规定的借鉴,从而使环境侵权赔偿限额制与环境侵权救济社会化制度本土化。

German legislator comprehensively analysis the advantages and disadvantages of environmental tort liability with the actual effect,finally,they gave up the full compensation.In 1991,Germany is the first country to develop the environmental tort limited compensation system,aiming to balancing the development and interests of the victim,with environmental tort social relief system and that achieved good social effect.At present,Chinese environmental tort compensation system in the implementation of the problem has also been similar to the German in that time.Today,our country is in a period of rapid growth of economy,we need to seek a new equilibrium point between the enterprise behavior freedom and the victim rights relief.So we need to the relevant provisions of the German environmental liability law,so that localizing the environmental tort limited compensation system and environmental tort social relief system.