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重视胆汁淤积性肝病的诊断和药物治疗 被引量:6

Diagnosis and medical treatment of patitents with cholestatic liver diseases
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摘要 胆汁淤积(cholestasis)的定义为由于遗传缺陷、机械性障碍、免疫系统调节异常、毒素作用等因素损伤胆管,导致胆汁形成和分布障碍,造成肠道胆汁缺乏,而过多潜在毒性的胆汁成分在肝细胞、胆管和体循环中的蓄积。临床可表现为黄疸、高胆固醇血症、皮肤瘙痒,同时伴有血清酶学的异常,最终可发展为肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝衰竭。2015年中华医学会肝病学分会、中华医学会消化病学分会、中华医学会感染病学分会联合发布了《胆汁淤积性肝病诊断和治疗共识》、《原发性胆汁性肝硬化(又名原发性胆汁性胆管炎,primary biliary cirrhosis/cholangitis,PBC)的诊断和治疗共识》、《原发性硬化性胆管炎,primary sclerosing cholangitis,PSC))诊断和治疗共识》。本文将从诊断和药物治疗两方面重点介绍成年慢性胆汁淤积性肝病患者的诊治进展。1胆汁淤积性疾病的诊断:关注但不限于碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)和谷氨酰转肽酶(gamma glutamyltranspeptidase,GGT)水平肝内胆汁淤积是各种原因导致的一种临床综合征,病因涉及病毒、药物、酒精、自身免疫、遗传代谢等因素,相关疾病的诊断标准也各不相同,因此具体的诊断标准难以统一。一般认为,高浓度的胆汁酸对胆管细胞的损伤作用导致细胞内的酶过多“漏”入血液循环,因此ALP水平最常用于评估胆汁淤积性疾病。另外,ALP同工酶、5’核苷酸酶、GGT可以帮助证实胆汁淤积起源于肝内。
作者 施漪雯 尤红
出处 《实用肝脏病杂志》 CAS 2016年第6期641-643,共3页 Journal of Practical Hepatology
关键词 胆汁淤积性肝病 诊断 药物治疗 Cholestasis liver diseases Diagnosisi Treatment
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参考文献18

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