上房:性别空间与私的概念——居住:从中国传统城市住宅到相关问题系列研究之三

Fang:Gender Space and Notion of Privacy:A Serial Study on Chinese Traditional House and Relevant Ⅲ

本文以《金瓶梅》中西门庆宅的内宅为切入点,一方面考察以上房为核心的区域中,家庭结构、活动与住宅空间结构的关系,另一方面将住宅中的"房"视为与"厅堂"相对应的一种建筑类型,综合考虑建筑特征、家具布置及相应的行为,以剖析住宅中内外划分与性别划分的涵义,探讨传统住宅中的"私"的概念。指出传统住宅中的内宅(房)既是占有身体与财产的"私"的领域,也是家庭对内有效运作,对外展开社会交往的另一个空间,与厅堂一起构成家庭社会结构与住宅空间结构的两极。从而使住宅及居住于其中的家庭成为城市的活跃组成。

This paper will focus on inner part of Xi Menqing＇s house. It discusses the issue of gender space and notion of privacy from two perspectives, one regard the inner part of the house as an area around Shangfang （ 上房 ） where Xi Menqing＇s wife Wu Yueniang lived, and explore relationship between the family structure and the house space structure. The other willtreat the Fang （ 房 ） as a building type, explore the notion of privacy through Fang＇s architectural features, furniture and the activities take place inside. Finally, this paper points out that the Fang in a tradition Chinese house was not only a private domain, but a social space, with the hall to constitute the two different spheres in both social structure of family and spatial structure of house. However, here the meaning of privacy was about possession of bodies and properties, not about regarding other people as interruption in modern society as Robin Evans had revealed.