丘脑背内侧核研究进展

A review on mediodorsal thalamic nucleus

综述丘脑背内侧核(MD)分区、神经元类型和轴突类型等细胞构筑特点,MD的内侧区(MDm)、中心区(MDc)、外侧区(MDl)和腹侧区(ventral,MDpl)等分区的纤维联系,MD内乙酰胆碱、L-谷氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、多巴胺、神经降压素和生长抑素等神经递质和受体类型,以及MD在摄食行为、胃肠机能情绪、认知和学习等主要生理机能中的作用等内容。结果表明:MD作为丘脑较高级中继核,形成皮质-丘脑-皮质回路,是重要的内脏与躯体活动的整合部位,在脑的高级神经活动中有着重要地位;认为对MD的细胞构筑和纤维联系已有比较全面的认识,对MD在认知和工作记忆中的作用的认识基本统一,但应激状态下MD内活动神经元类型、神经元活动规律以及应激调控通路等问题有待研究。

The cytoarchitecture of mediodorsal thalamic nucleus（MD）, such as the parcellation, types of neurons and axon terminals of MD,the afferents and efferents of MDm, MDc, MD1 and MDpl, the neurotransmitters and receptors within MD, including aeetylcholine,L-glutamate,5,-aminobutyric acid, dopamine, neurotensin, somatostatin and so on, and physiological functions of MD on the feeding behavior, gastrointestinal function, emotion, cognition and/earning were reviewed. MD, as the higher order thalamic relay, interconnected to the association cortex via cortico-thalamo-cortico connections ,which is considered as the integration center of visceral and physical activity and played a role in the higher nervous activities. The cytoarchitecture and fiber contact of MD are well investigated, and its role in cognition and working memory is a consensus. But little is known about the phenotype natures and regularity of activated neurons and the regulation pathway during stress and still need to be studied.