启蒙视阈下中国现代小说中的疾病隐喻——以鲁迅、丁玲、张爱玲的小说为例

Chinese Modern Novel Disease Metaphor under the Initiatory Horizon——With Lu xun,Ding ling and Zhang ailing's novels as an example

在中国现代文学30年(1919-1948)的文学史框架内,疾病已经超越了个体生命痛苦的维度,成为社会、文化、道德、人性病态的隐喻。中国现代作家与生俱来的"文化医生情结",使得疾病隐喻与他们的启蒙思想紧紧结合在一起。中国现代小说疾病隐喻的文本书写随着现代化主题的延伸和变化呈现出阶段性发展特征:在第一个十年中,疾病隐喻主要在民族意识、国家意识启蒙的视阈下进行;第二个十年中,疾病隐喻主要在社会意识与时代使命感的启蒙视阈下进行;第三个十年中,疾病隐喻主要在个体存在价值的启蒙意识视阈下进行。中国现代小说中疾病隐喻的启蒙三重奏——民族意识、国家意识的启蒙,社会意识与时代使命感的启蒙,个体存在价值意识的启蒙——构成了一个完整的体系,由此展现了现代知识分子在启蒙道路上的心路历程和病痛之后的精神成长。

In modern Chinese literature 30 years （1919 - 1948） within the framework of literary history, disease has tran- scended the dimension of individual life pain and sufferings, become a social, cultural, moral, human pathological metaphors. ＂The culture of the Chinese modern writers born the doctor complex＂, make the disease metaphor and their enlightenment tightly together. Chinese modern novel disease metaphor text written with the extension of modern theme and change shows the characteristics of staggered development., in the first decade, disease metaphor mainly under the perspective of ethnic and na- tional consciousness of enlightenment~ In the second decade, disease metaphor mainly in the era of social consciousness and sense of mission under the perspective of enlightenment of; The third decade, disease metaphor mainly exist in the individual value of enlightenment under the perspective of consciousness. Chinese modern novel metaphor of disease among the enlighten- ment trio song the enlightenment of ethnic and national consciousness and social consciousness and times mission of en- lightenment, and the individual existence value consciousness of enlightenment, constitute a complete system, which shows the journey on the road of modern intellectuals in the enlightenment and spiritual growth after the pain.