从法解释学视角分析惩罚性赔偿制度的适用问题——以《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》为例

On the application of punitive damages system from the perspective of legal interpretation theory——Taking the Law of Protection of Consumer's Rightsand Interests in China as an example

惩罚性赔偿制度源于英国,我国也在相关立法中有所体现,但2014年实施的《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》中该制度在适用时存在诸多争议。从法解释学视角分析,消费者的定义应作扩大解释,知假买假的消费者只要其目的并非再次交易,应视为消费者,职业打假人可作为《中华人民共和国食品安全法》私人实施的重要参与者;欺诈的认定应遵从立法者目的解释,不应限于故意;大宗商品受损获偿可借鉴美国判决受害人获巨额惩罚性赔偿的做法,小额商品受损获偿不能涵盖损失,可根据社会经验法则、公平原则处理。

Punitive damages system originated in Britain.The system of punitive damages is also reflected in the relevant legislation in our country.However,there exists much controversy in the application of the system of the Law of Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests implemented in 2014.From the perspective of legal interpreta-tion theory,consumers should be defined extensively.Those who know the fakes and still buy them for personal use instead of dealing should be considered to be the consumers.Those engaged in occupational fake-fighting should be regarded as important participants in the private implementation of the food safety law.Fraud should be identified in accordance with the interpretation of legislators’ purpose,not limited to personal intention.As for the compensation for the damaged bulk commodity,the judicial practice that the victims are adjudged to gain substantial damages in America can be borrowed.As for the damaged small commodity,the adjudged damages should not cover the losses, but can be dealt with according to social experiences and fair principles.They should be solved according to the rule of social experience,the principle of fairness.