吉田松阴的兵学与其激进主义——论吉田松阴安政五年与六年的政治策划

Yoshida Syouyin's Heigaku and His Radicalism: on His Political Plan in Fifth and Sixth Years of Ansei

日本倒幕维新运动的先驱吉田松阴的思想与行动,从安政四年(1857)末开始越来越激进。其政治主张前后经历了向幕府进谏、针对幕府的直接行动和针对长州藩的直接行动三个阶段。每个阶段的政治主张都是其对当时局势变化的应对。吉田松阴的兵学观深受儒学影响,故其兵学对策论始终没有脱离"大义名分"和"时势利害"这两个方向,且前者优先。这赋予吉田松阴的激进主义以鲜明的两面性:其政治理性虽然有一定的局限性,但毕竟依然存在;其非理性的侧面虽然会妨碍其对具体状况的准确把握,但毕竟带来了打破现状的可能性。

The thoughts and behaviors of Yoshida Syouyin（ 1830-1859）,a forerunner of the reformation and overthrowing the shogunate movement in Japan,had become obviously radical since the fourth year of Ansei（ 1857）. Remonstrating with shogunate,taking direct action against shogunate and taking direct action against Tyousyuuhan,were his three steps of unfolding his political claims,and each of the step reflected his reaction to a corresponding situation. Been deeply influenced by Confucian thoughts,Yoshida Syouyin had brought two key elements into his Heigaku resources,which were righteousness and changeable interests and the former was more considered. Thus a distinct dual character of Yoshida Syouyin＇s radicalism was unfolded： his political rationality,although with some limitations,did exist. At meanwhile,his political irrationality impeded a correct understanding of specific circumstance; however,it brought a possibility,of breaking status quo after all.