中国城乡居民过度教育考察:CHNS数据的经验分析

Over-education in Urban and Rural Residents: Empirical Analysis by CHNS Data

运用CHNS数据,采用实际匹配法,对我国过度教育进行了测度和分析。结果表明,我国存在过度教育现象,且从时间上有不断增加趋势,筛选理论能够更好地解释我国过度教育的发生。此外,不足教育相伴发生,但处于下降趋势;城市居民过度教育发生程度高于农村居民,且城市居民过度教育发生集中在社会地位较高的职业中,而农村居民过度教育发生集中在社会地位相对较低的职业,这一定程度反映了城乡居民教育机会和就业机会不均等,这是今后政策实施需要重点考虑的地方。

We measure and analyze over-education in our country by CHNS data and actual matching method. The results show that there is excessive education in our country and an increasing trend. Screening theory can better explain the occurrence of excessive education. Besides, there is also a downward trend in under-education. The degree of over-education in urban residents is higher than that of over-education in rural residents, with the over-education phenomenon concentrated on the higher social status people; while the over-education in rural residents is concentrated on the relatively lower social status class. This reflects the inequality of education opportunity and employment opportunity between the urban residents and rural residents. It is also good for the formulation and implementation of government＇s policies.