快速节能的电动汽车换挡机构设计与性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of Fast and Energy Saving Shift Mechanism for Electric Vehicle

为进一步提升电动汽车的动力性能和续航里程,提出一类应用直驱技术的电控机械式自动变速器换挡机构,设计换挡驱动装置和换挡机构结构,建立换挡过程数学模型,分析并评估3种应用直驱技术的换挡机构性能,依据实车驱动装置及变速系统参数,在装载直驱换挡机构的通用试验平台上完成试验研究。结果表明,电动拨叉式和电动接合套式换挡机构与电动二自由度换挡机构相比,当换挡驱动装置输出的驱动力规律相同时,进挡时间分别缩短3%和7%;当追求的换挡品质相同时,进挡过程中换挡驱动装置的机械损耗分别降低18%和34%,在挡位数要求较少的电动汽车上应用电动拨叉式或电动接合套式换挡机构时,将会有效提升换挡动力性和经济性,且对丰富和发展电动汽车传动理论有重要的科学意义。

In order to further improve dynamic performance and endurance mileage of Electric Vehicle,a class of shift mechanism for automated manual transmission based on direct-drive technology is given. The structures of shift drive device and shift mechanism are designed,the mathematical model of shift process is established,and then,performances of three direct-drive shift mechanisms are analyzed and evaluated. According to the parameters of vehicle drive device and transmission system,relative test research is completed on general test platform equipped with direct-drive shift mechanism. The results show that,compare with electric 2DOF-type shifting mechanism,upshift time of electric fork-type shifting mechanism and electric sleeve-type shifting mechanism are shortened by 3%and 7% respectively when the force rule output by shift drive device is same,and mechanical loss of shift drive device during upshift process are reduced by 18% and 34% respectively in the same shifting quality. When electric fork-type shifting mechanism or electric sleeve-type shifting mechanism uses in a smaller number of gear requirement power train of electric vehicle,it will improve shift dynamic and economy effectively and has an important signification for rich and developing electric vehicle technology.