埃及国际劳工移民与社会流动问题刍议

A Study of the Relationship between Contemporary Egypt's International Migrant Workers and Social Mobility

埃及国际劳工移民主要是那些出于工作需要而暂时居于国外的移民,他们大多来自埃及社会的中间阶层和中下阶层。在移民过程中,埃及国际劳工的财产、收入大幅增长,职业地位获得一定提升;思想文化和生活方式也发生着重要变化;中下层人群逐渐跻身社会中间阶层,实现了向上的社会流动。国际劳工移民虽已成为埃及社会流动的重要渠道,但仍不足以成为构建埃及现代社会流动模式的主要基础,其消极影响主要包括:在一定程度上阻碍了埃及农村社会公平的实现;对埃及失业问题具有双重影响;阻碍了埃及农业生产方式的资本主义化。

International migrant w orkers in Egypt refer to temporary migrants for w ork purposes,most of w hom come from middle and low er middle classes of Egypt's society. During the migration process,the property and income of Egypt's international migrant w orkers have increased significantly,the occupation stratus has improved,and the ideas and the lifestyle of them have also changed. M any of these migrant w orkers have entered the middle class and realized their upw ard social mobility dreams.International migration becomes an important passage for Egyptians' social mobility,w hile it is not yet solid enough to lay the foundation for constructing a modern social mobility mode in Egypt for reasons as follow s: The w ealth distribution that is partial to the upper middle class inhibits the realization of social equality in rural areas; international migrant w orkers have dual impacts on Egypt's unemployment. To some extent,they also inhibit the capitalization of agricultural production in Egypt.