施磷肥对土壤中钙素淋失特征的影响

Influences of phosphate fertilizer on calcium leaching characteristics in soil

以耕地棕壤、设施栽培土壤(原始土壤类型为棕壤)和耕地褐土3种不同类型和利用方式土壤为研究对象,采用室内土柱模拟的方法,研究了不同施磷肥量对土壤钙素淋失特征的影响。结果表明,耕地棕壤中钙的淋失量随施磷量的增加而降低,而设施栽培土壤和耕地褐土中钙的淋失量随施磷量的增加而增加。耕地棕壤中钙含量相对较少,施磷肥减少了Ca^(2+)的淋失;而当土壤中钙含量相对较高时,则增加了Ca^(2+)的淋失。当添加的磷肥量较低时,土壤本身的pH值对Ca^(2+)的淋失影响相对较大,耕地棕壤Ca^(2+)淋失量高于耕地褐土;当添加的磷肥量较高时,磷肥的影响较大,耕地棕壤Ca^(2+)淋失量低于耕地褐土。耕地褐土全钙和有效钙的含量较高,但钙的有效性较低,导致耕地褐土Ca^(2+)的淋失总量相对降低。

The paper took three different types of soil, cultivated brown soil, brown earth （greenhouse soil） and cultivated cinnamon soil, as the research subjects. By simulating soil column in laboratory, the influences of phosphate fertilizer on calcium leaching characteristics in soil were studied. The resuits showed that the leached amount of calcium in cultivated brown soil decreased with the increasing of application rate of phosphoric fertilizer. Leaching amount of calcium in brown earth （greenhouse soil） and cultivated cinnamon soil increased with increasing of application rate of phosphate fertilizer. Calcium content in cultivated brown soil was relatively small, and added phosphate reduced the leaching of the Ca^2＋. When calcium content in the soil was relatively high, it increased the leaching of Ca^2＋. When the amount of added phosphorus was low, the pH value of the soil itself had a relatively great influence on the leaching of Ca^2＋. Ca^2＋leaching amount in cultivated brown soil was higher than that in cultivated cinnamon soil. When the amount of added phosphate fertilizer was higher, phosphate fertilizer had a relatively great influence on the leaching of Ca^2＋. Ca^2＋ leaching amount in cultivated brown soil was lower than that in cultivated cinnamon soil. The total calcium and effective calcium content in cultivated brown soil was higher, but the effectiveness of the calcium was lower, which caused the relatively lower amount of leached calcium in cultivated cinnamon soil.