弓网电接触研究进展

Research Advances in Electric Contact Between Pantograph and Catenary

近年来,随着列车运行速度和电流传输密度的提高,弓网电接触状况正变得越来越复杂,对弓网电接触理论与技术的系统研究提出了迫切要求。为此对弓网电接触中接触电阻、热效应、摩擦磨损性能及受电弓滑板材料4个方面的研究现状进行了综述。主要结论为:1)对弓网接触电阻的参数观测、机理分析和数学模型仍需开展大量工作,包括更为全面准确的电接触试验方法和诊断技术,以及更为科学合理的弓网接触电阻数学模型。2)弓网电接触热效应的研究需继续加强。采用试验和仿真相结合的方法获取弓网载流摩擦时,滑板、接触线以及接触面的温度及其分布值得进一步深入研究,特别是雨、雪等特殊气候条件对弓网热特性的影响。3)应重视开展更高速度等级和电弧动态特性对弓网摩擦磨损性能影响的探讨;同时深入研究弓网磨损预测模型。4)继续研究和开发新型复合受电弓滑板材料;在具体应用时,需根据不同列车运行的特定条件,选取满足该条件下关键性能要求的滑板材料。

In recent years, with the improvement ofrurming speed and current density of train, the electric contact status between pantograph and catenary is becoming more and more complex, which puts forward an urgent request for systematic study on theory and technology of electric contact between pantograph and catenary.Consequently, we reviewed the research advances in contact resistance, thermal effect, friction and wear characteristics, and materials for pantograph strip. Main conclusions are drawn as follows： 1）The observation of parameters, mechanism analyses, and mathematic model of contact resistance between pantograph and catenary still have a lot of work to be carried out. Proper test method and diagnostic technology of electric contact are required to be further discussed, while the mathematical model of contact resistance needs more research. 2） The research on the thermal effect will continue to heat up. With the methods combining experiment and simulation, the temperature rise and its distribution on the contact surface, pantograph strip and catenary wire will obtain continuous attention, especially the influence of rain, snow and other special weather conditions on thermal effect. 3） The effects of arc characteristics as well as the improved running speed on the wear process should be valued, and the prediction model of wear rate of materials for pantograph and catenary should be established. 4） The research of new materials for pantograph strip still requires to be strengthened. A proper pantograph material which meets the key requirements should be chosen based on the specific conditions of different trains for specific use.