战后在华美资银行的复业与顿挫(1945-1956)

Resumption and Sudden Decline of US Banks in China in the Post-War Era

抗战胜利之后,美国在华银行迅速复业并飞速发展,但内战爆发,通货恶性膨胀,这一趋势受到遏制。建国之初,从中共的策略来看,对外资银行有一个从管理、利用然后到限制、清理的过程。从美资银行的应对而言,一开始即持消极态度,但很快就要求歇业清理。美资银行从最初的复业、独享繁荣、增设,到最终的自主歇业、军管、清理,折射了战后中美之间复杂的商务关系走向。当然,最终决定商务关系的是中美各自的政治考量。

The US banks in China reopened their business immediately and developed rapidly during after the Anti-Japanese War,but the tendency was restrained because of massive hyperinflations when the civil war broke out.After the establishment of New China,from the strategic perspective of the Communist Party of China（CPC）,the implementation process converted from management and utilization into limitation and liquidation.Conversely,from the coping perspective of US banks,they began with assuming negative attitudes and asked for closing and liquidating successively.For US banks,it did presented the complicated tendency of business relationship between China and the United States after World War II through the procedure of initial resumption,exclusive prosperity,and addition of branch banks,final independent shutdown,military control and liquidation.Nevertheless,the decisive role of the Sino-U.S.relation ultimately was the respective political considerations of China and the United States.