世界自然遗产保护的社区感知差异及其影响因素分析——以喀拉峻世界自然遗产地为例

Community Cognition on the Protection of World Natural Heritage and Its Affecting Factors:A Case Study in the Kalajun World Natural Heritage Site

社区参与是世界自然遗产保护的重要内容,社区支持是自然遗产可持续保护的重要保障。基于遗产地社区的感知调查,分析当地居民和牧民对喀拉峻世界自然遗产保护的感知意愿。本次调查向牧民和县城居民共发放问卷180份,回收139份,主要调查其对喀拉峻世界自然遗产地的遗产感知及差异。遗产感知调查包括遗产认知、发展感知和保护感知3部分内容。调查发现,由于受遗产地区位和遗产地旅游发展阶段的限制,县城居民的遗产感知较牧民更为积极。研究表明,社区发展是影响社区参与和支持遗产保护的关键因素。为使喀拉峻自然遗产地保护具有可持续性,应当积极开展遗产教育与宣传,加大生态补偿力度,有效引导牧民进行生产转型,进而平衡居民和牧民的利益,提高社区的遗产感知整体水平。

Communities are the important stakeholders in World Natural Heritage protection,and their participation is the key to the sustainable protection of World Natural Heritage. Based on the survey on the community nearby World Natural Heritage,in this study their cognition on the protection of Kalajun was explored. In the study 139 questionnaires were collected from the citizens in Tekes City and the herdsmen in Qiongkushitai Village. The content of the survey included the heritage awareness,cognition on community development,and cognition on protection,and the perspectives of the citizens and herdsmen were discussed. The result showed that the heritage cognition of the citizens was more positive than that of the herdsmen. Higher education level and more benefits acquired from Kalajun were taken account for this. It was found that the community development played a leading role on community cognition on heritage. It was also concluded in the survey that the lacking of finance and legal institute were the top threat for the protection of Kalajun. Multiple measures should be taken to promote the community cognition on heritage and push the sustainable protection of Kalajun,such as boosting the heritage education and publicity,carrying out the relevant training on heritage protection and heritage tourism,promoting the level of eco-compensation,leading the transformation of hersmen＇s production mode,and balancing the benefits between the citizens and herdsmen.