到达设计使用年限桥梁继续使用问题研究

Study on Extended Service Problem of Bridges over Design Service Life

为了指导我国大量到达设计使用年限桥梁的继续使用,采用文献调研、规范比较、数据分析的方法对到达设计使用年限桥梁继续使用的依据、继续使用年限、国内外桥梁实际使用寿命与寿命终止原因、到达设计使用年限桥梁相关检查评定方法等问题开展了研究,指出到达设计使用年限后继续使用的问题包含法律效力、安全性、适用性、耐久性和经济性几个方面;我国桥梁的平均实际使用年限约为30 a,远低于欧美;我国早期桥梁设计规范中安全度远不能满足中桥、大桥和特大桥使用至设计使用寿命;到达设计使用年限后桥梁往往很快达到五类。

In order to guide the extended service of a large amount of bridges over design service life in China, the basis of extended service, actual extended life for bridge over design service life, actual service life and reason of life termination at home and abroad, as well as related inspection and evaluation methods for bridges over design service life are studied by literature investigation, code comparison and data analysis. It is pointed out that extended service of bridges over design service life involves several aspects such as legal effect, safety, applicability, durability and economy. The average actual service life of bridges in China is about 30 years, far below those in Europe and America. The safety degree in early bridge design specifications cannot ensure that the medium bridges, large bridges and grand bridges can be safely used in design service life. The bridges over design service lives often become Class 5 bridges in a few years.