危害凤尾菇生产的一种小包脚菇属草菇属物种的形态和分子鉴定

Identification of a Volvariella Species Which Hazard Pleurotus pulmonarius Cultivation

近年来，在四川乐山地区凤尾菇（Pleurotus pulmonarius）栽培中，首次发现1种形态与草菇类似的大型真菌类污染菌。该菌在栽培场中的污染率可达60％以上，对凤尾菇的生产造成较大威胁。经初步鉴定为小包脚菇属（Volvariella）的木生小包脚菇[Volvariella diplasia（Berk．＆Broome）Singer]。该菌子实体形态与草菇类似，菌丝耐低温，可在4℃冰箱中保藏；原基形成和子实体发育温度范围广（13℃～33℃）；子实体丛生或单生，单粒种可达20g以上，具有一定的开发价值。

In recent years, a species of Volvariella was found in the cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius, which infected P. pul- monar/us up to 60% and caused seriously damage. It was identified as V. diplasia based on the morphology and molecular evidence. Volvariella diplasia resembles V. volvacea in morphology, while the mycelium of V. diplasia had low-temperature resistance character and could be deposited at 4℃. Its primordia formation and fruiting temperatures range was 13℃ to 33℃, the basidiomata was gregarious or solitary, and one fruitbody weight was up to 20 g. V. diplasia could be a candidate for exploiting as edible mushroom.