蛋白尿的临床流行病学

Clinical epidemiology of proteinuria

蛋白尿与肾脏疾病进展密切相关,但也可能是儿童中出现的一种正常的一过性现象。尿蛋白>150 mg/(1.73 m2·d)或>4 mg/(m2·h)定义为尿蛋白阳性。既往的报道中,多个中心均发现,在无症状儿童中,亦有相当比例的蛋白尿者。按蛋白尿的来源,可分为肾小球蛋白尿、肾小管蛋白尿、分泌性蛋白尿、溢出性蛋白尿。蛋白尿按临床分类可分为暂时性蛋白尿、直立性蛋白尿、持续性无症状蛋白尿、原发或继发性肾小球疾病、原发或继发性肾小管间质性疾病。

Proteinuria is usually associated with progressive renal disease,but may sometimes be a benign transient finding. Abnormal proteinuria is defined as protein excretion of 〉150 mg/1.73m^2 per day or〉4 mg/m^2 per hour. Many studies in deferent centers have reported that quite a few asymptomatic children with proteinuria were detected. Excessive proteinuria can be classified as glomerular proteinuria,tubular proteinuria,secretory protein and overflow proteinuria by causes. It can also be classified as transient proteinuria,postural proteinuria,persistent asymptomatic proteinuria,primary/secondary glomerular proteinuria and primary/secondary tubular proteinuria by clinical symptoms.