冲突法历史发展中的特殊主义与普遍主义

Particularism and Universalism in the Development of Conflicts Law

"特殊主义"与"普遍主义"的矛盾一直伴随着冲突法的历史发展。历史上最早形成的冲突法理论即巴托鲁斯的"法则区别说"是以民族国家为本位的比较温和的特殊主义理论范式,在其后的发展中走向了比较极端的特殊主义。18世纪末,萨维尼的"法律关系本座说"是随着资本主义世界市场的开拓而产生的以国际社会为本位的普遍主义理论范式。20世纪美国冲突法学界出现了特殊主义冲突法理论的复兴。片面的特殊主义和普遍主义各有其局限性,"最密切联系原则"的提出,表现出特殊主义和普遍主义融合统一的倾向,代表了当代冲突法理论发展的基本趋势。

The contradiction between Particularism and Universalism plays an important role in the development of Conflicts Law theories. Statute Theory,which is the first doctrine among the history of conflicts law theories,is a mild particularistic paradigm based on nation- state. This paradigm then turned to extreme particularism. At the end of 18 thcentury,with the expansion of capitalist world market,Savigny＇s doctrine of Sitz of Legal Relationship appeared to be a universalistic paradigm based on international community. In 20 thcentury,particularistic conflicts law theories were revived in US. Unilateral particularism and unilateral universalism both have limitations. The Doctrine of the Most Significant Relationship manifests a tendency to combine particularism and universalism,which represents the development direction of modern conflicts law theories.