男性年龄对精子质量与精子染色体影响的研究

Effects of males' age on sperm quality and aneuploidy of human sperms

目的：探讨男性年龄对精子质量与精子染色体的影响。方法选择男性精液标本120例，按照男方年龄分为3组：＜35岁组（n=42）、35岁~组（n=40）和≥40岁组（n=38）。对其进行精液分析以及精子DNA损伤检测，并应用18, X,Y号染色体探针通过荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术对＜35岁组、35岁~组和≥40岁组进行精子非整倍体检测。结果3组精液量[（5.25±2.05）mL vs（5.05±2.26）mL vs（5.09±3.67）mL]、精子浓度[（28.21±3.08）×106/mL vs（26.21±3.73）×106/mL vs（23.85±5.56）×106/mL ]和前向运动精子率[（30.05±9.34）% vs（28.30±8.04）% vs （26.30±5.08）%]差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。＜35岁组与35岁~组的正常形态率[（7.20±2.30）% vs（6.56±3.20）%]和DNA碎片率[（14.69±3.69）% vs（16.12±4.52）%]以及精子非整倍体率[（2.71±0.56）% vs（3.45±0.65）%]相比，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。≥40岁组的正常形态率（4.68±2.89）%低于＜35岁组（7.20±2.30）%和35岁~组（6.56±3.20）%，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；≥40岁组的DNA碎片率（24.86±7.85）%、精子非整倍体率（6.56±0.70）%均高于＜35岁组和35岁~组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论男性年龄增加可能导致精子正常形态率降低，精子DNA损伤率和精子非整倍体率增加，在生育过程中，男性年龄应引起关注。

Objective To explore the effects of males＆39;age on sperm quality and aneuploidy of human sperms. Methods Total of 120 semen samples were collected and divided into three groups according to the males＇age, including 〈35 yr group（n=42）, 35- y group（n=40）, and≥40 y group（n=38）. Based on the WHO Laboratory Manual （5th ed）, seminal parameters and aneuploidy of human sperms were detected and analyzed by tripl-color fluorescence among the three groups. Results There were no statistically significant dilferences among the three groups in semen volume[ （5.25±2.05）mL vs （5.05±2.26） mL vs （5.09±3.67） mL], sperm concentration[ （28.21±3.08）×106/mL vs （26.21±3.73）×106/mL vs （23.85±5.56） ×106/mL] and sperm motility[ （30.05±9.34） % vs （28.30±8.04） % vs （26.30±5.08） %]. There were no statistically significant differences between 〈35 yr group and 35~39 yr group in sperm morphology[ （7.20±2.30） % vs （6.56±3.20） %], sperm apoptosis[ （14.69±3.69） % vs （16.12±4.52） %] and aneuploidy [ （2.71±0.56） % vs（3.45±0.65）%]of human sperms. However, sperm morphology （4.68±2.89）%, sperm apoptosis（24.86±7.85）% and aneuploidy （6.56±0.70） % in≥40 yr group on showed obvious differences compared with those in the group of 〈35yr and 35~yr. （P〈0.05）.Conclusion Males＆39;age increase might injure sperm normal morphology and sperm DNA integrity,result in an increase of sperm aneuploid.