生物炭及施肥对土壤环境和高粱产量及品质的影响

Effects of Biochar and Fertilization on Soil Environmen and Yield,Quality of Sorghum

以高粱、玉米轮作5 a定位试验为平台,研究5 a连续单独施用生物炭及生物炭与化肥配施后,对土壤理化性质、酶活性、高粱产量及品质的影响。结果表明,经过5 a连续施用生物炭后,单施生物炭(B)处理与空白对照(CK)相比,生物炭与化肥配施(OPT+B)处理与单施化肥(OPT)处理相比,施用生物炭均能显著提高土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质的含量,但对全氮、容重的影响不显著;施用生物炭能显著提高土壤蔗糖酶的活性,但对脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶没有显著性影响。与对照相比,单施生物炭能显著提高高粱产量和千粒质量;与单施化肥相比,生物炭与化肥配施能显著提高籽粒千粒质量,但对高粱产量没有显著影响。生物炭能显著降低高粱籽粒直链淀粉的含量,但对总淀粉含量没有影响;施肥能显著降低高粱籽粒单宁含量。总体来说,生物炭能有效改善土壤理化性质和提高作物产量,在低肥力土壤上施用生物炭效果更明显。

An platform with sorghum and corn crop rotation positioning test for five years was carried out to explore the effects of single biochar and mixture of biochar and NPK fertilizers on soil environment and yield and quality of sorghum. The results showed that only biochar（ B ） treatment was compared with control（ CK ） and only chemical fertilizers （OPT） treatment was compared with biochar and chemical fertilizers （OPT＋B） treatment, after five years continuous application of biochar, both of the biochar application treatments significantly increased soil organic carbon and available K and P contents, but had no significant effect on bulk density and total N contents. Adding biochar had significantly increased the activities of sucrase in the soil, but had no significant effect on the activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase and catalase in the soil. Campare with CK, the B could significantly increase the yield and the TKW （Thousand Kernel Weight） of grain sorghum. Compared with OPT, OPT＋B could significantly improve the TKW, but no significant effect to sorghum production. Biochar could significantly reduce the sorghum grain amylose content, but had no effect on the total starch content. Fertilization could significantly reduce the grain sorghum tannin content. Overall, biochar could effectively improve soil physical and chemical properties and increase crop yield, especially in low fertility soil.