土壤微生物多样性的研究方法

Research Methods of Soil Microbial Diversity

对土壤微生物多样性的研究方法进行了综述。其中,微生物平板记数法仅能简单反映样品中微生物的类型和数量;从生化方面研究微生物多样性的方法主要包括基于底物利用率的代谢图谱以及磷脂脂肪酸生物标记法;土壤微生物在基因水平上的多样性可以用PCR-DGGE和PCR-TGGE技术、单链构象多态性分析(SSCP)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)和末端限制性片段长度多样性(T-RFLP)等进行研究。荧光原位杂交可通过寡核苷酸探针和全细胞杂交进行原位鉴定和计算单个微生物细胞。目前,基因芯片技术已在微生物检测和群落分析中获得了很大关注,而高通量测序技术使得对土壤微生物转录组和基因组进行全面分析成为可能。

Research methods of soil microbial diversity were summaried in this paper. The microorganism plate numeration only reflected the types and quantity of microorganism in soil. The metabolism map based on substrate utilization and phospholipid fatty acid biology marker methods were used to study the biochemical characters of microorganism. The microbial diversity in genetic level was studied by PCR-DGGE, PCR-TGGE, SSCP, RFLP and T-RFLP. The fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to situ identification and calculate the single microbial cell by oligonucleotide probe and the whole cell hybridization. At present, the gene chip technology was used to microbial detection and microbial group analysis. The high flux sequence technology could be used to analyze the transcript profile and genome of microorganism in soil.