1965例急性中毒多中心前瞻性临床流行病学调查

A multi-center prospective clinical study on the epidemiology of I 965 patients with acute poisoning

目的调查急性中毒患者的临床流行病学特征。方法独立设计调查登记表，采用多中心、前瞻性病例调查方法，收集并分析2015年6月至2016年9月江苏省9所医院急诊科就诊的急性中毒患者的临床资料。结果1965例中毒患者中，男性893例，女性1072例，院内病死率为1．73％；最常见的中毒原因为自杀（54．96％）；最常见的毒物种类为农药（35．83％）和药物（23．16％），分别占中毒死亡病例的70．59％和8．82％；最常见的毒物为百草枯（12．37％）；最常见的中毒途径为口服（93．18％），洗胃干预者占所有口服中毒患者的38．27％。22．34％的患者接受了拮抗剂治疗，12．62％的患者接受了糖皮质激素治疗，18．83％的患者接受了血液灌流治疗，1．37％的患者接受了血液透析。结论研究显示综合型医院中，农药中毒的发生率和病死率最高，口服中毒是最常见的中毒途径。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning patients. Methods After the survey registration form was designed independently, a multi-center prospective study of patients with acute poisoning admitted into Emergency Department was carried out from May 2015 to September 2016 in 9 hospitals in Jiangsu Province. Results A total of 1 965 acute poisoning patients consisting of 893 males and 1 072 females were enrolled. Of them, there was 1.73% in-hospital mortality. Among them, the major cause of poisoning exposure was suicide （54.96%）; The two leading toxic substances were pesticides （35.83%） and medicines abused （23.16%）, which constituted the mortalities of 70. 59% and 70. 59%, respectively. Paraquat （ 12. 37% ） was the most commonly poisoning exposure. Ingestion was the predominant access route of poisoning exposure in 93. 18% of all poisoning cases, and 38. 27% of those cases were treated with gastric lavage. Other kinds of treatment were utilizations of antagonists （22. 34% ） and glucocorticoid （ 12. 62% ）, and hemoperfusion （ 18.83% ）, and hemodialysis （ 1.37% ）. Conclusion Pesticide remains the most common poisons and results the highest mortality of all substances involved in poisoning exposure cases in general hospitals in Province. Ingestion is the most common route in all poison cases.